How to Configure Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)?

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) is a distance-vector routing protocol. It is also a Cisco proprietary routing protocol – which means that all routers in your network must be Cisco routers in order to run IGRP.

Before getting into all the details of IGRP take a quick look aton Dynamic Routing Protocols for some detailed information on distance-vector routing protocols. This will help you understand the limitations and problems of distance-vector routing protocols and the necessity of an enhanced routing protocol like IGRP. The maximum hop count of 15 in RIP is enhanced into a maximum hop count of 255 with a default of 100 in IGRP – making IGRP more appropriate for larger networks.

Moreover IGRP uses a composite metric to determine the best route to an internetwork. It’s called a composite because it uses a combination of metrics – bandwidth and delay of the link by default. Reliability and load of the link can also be used as metrics.

Later on we’ll take a look at how these metrics are combined to form a composite metric.

Main Characteristics of IGRP

• IGRP is a Cisco proprietary distance vector routing protocol.
• IGRP sends routing updates every 90 seconds, advertising networks of a particular autonomous system.
• By default IGRP uses bandwidth and delay as metrics. It can be configured to use a combination of variables such as bandwidth, delay, load and reliability to establish a composite metric.
• IGRP has an administrative distance of 100 making it a more trustworthy routing protocol than RIP which has an administrative distance of 120.

IGRP Timers

• Update timer: specifies how frequently routing update messages should be sent. The default is 90 seconds.
• Invalid timer: specifies how long a router should wait in the absence of routing-update messages about a specific route before declaring that route invalid (or unreachable). The default is three times the update period which is equal to 270 seconds. After this period, the route is placed in the holddown state.
• Holddown timer: specifies the amount of time a router should wait after expiration of the invalid timer. During this time the specific route is marked as unreachable and information about alternative routes is ignored. The IGRP default for this variable is three times the update timer period plus 10 seconds = 280 seconds.
• Flush timer: indicates how much time should pass before a route is flushed from the routing table. The default is seven times the routing update timer which is equal to 630 seconds.

Configuring IGRP

Configuring IGRP is similar to configuring RIP. The only difference is that you have to use anAutonomous System (AS) number in order to be able to turn on IGRP. The same AS number needs to be configured on all IGRP enabled routers on the network in order to be able to exchange routing updates. A router may use more than one AS number. This way it can share different pieces of information with different routers.

Let’s use the following subnet internetwork to configure IGRP routing:

The router igrp command turns IGRP routing on in the router. The Autonomous System number specified here is 100 (it can be any number between 1 and 65535). Notice that IGRP uses classful routing, similar to RIP, meaning that it does not send subnet mask information along with the routing protocol updates.

Notice that we use the same AS number (100) in order for the two routers to be able to exchange IGRP routing protocol updates.

Verifying IGRP

Issuing the command show ip route on routerA you can notice that routing information for network 172.16.0.0 has been acquired via IGRP. The I means IGRP learned routes. The 100 in [100/80135] is the administrative distance of IGRP and 80135 is the composite metric. The lower this metric, the better the route.

Using the command show ip protocols you can verify IGRPs operation. Information regarding IGRP timers, AS number and maximum hop count can be obtained from this command. Moreover the metric variables can be seen here as well (K1- K5).

Metric Calculation

Use the show interface command to view the metrics used on the specific interface on which IGRP is being routed.

IGRP uses the following metric calculation:

Metric=[K1* bandwidth + (K2 * bandwidth)/(256-load) + (K3 * delay)]* [K5/(reliability +K4)]

By default only bandwidth and delay are considered in the metric calculation. To obtain this behavior (seen on the show ip protocols command as well) the following default variable values are configured:

K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0, where

K1 is for bandwidth, K2 for load, K3 for delay, K4 and K5 for Reliability

Substituting the default values in the metric calculation we end up with:

Metric= bandwidth + delay

The values used in the metric calculation are not the raw values obtained from the show interface command. Actually these raw values are used in the following equations to compute the calculated values which are displayed in the show ip route command:

• Bandwidth = (10000000/raw bandwidth measured in Kb/s)
• Delay = (raw delay in s/10)

Example: For a serial interface with a bandwidth of 1544 kb/s and delay of 20000X10^-6 s the calculated values used in IGRP routing updates would be:

• Bandwidth = 10000000/1544 = 6476
• Delay = 20000/10 = 2000

To end up with the final composite metric, the router sums up all calculated delay metrics on the outgoing interfaces along the route towards a given destination and the Bandwidth calculated metric taken from the lowest bandwidth along the route.

The IGRP Scenario

If IGRP has lower AD than RIP, then I should use IGRP, right?

Actually the answer is NO. There is no single best case solution. There is no best solution among RIP and IGRP.

Networks vary in many ways. You need to fully understand the operation of these routing protocols and try to adapt their operation into the architecture of your network in order to differentiate their pros and cons.

Though I cannot tell you which of these two protocols is better, what I am able to tell you is that if you do have the option to use EIGRP, then you should use it over IGRP or RIP. EIGRP is definitely a better routing protocol than both RIP and IGRP.

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1900 power supply, 1941 router power supply, 1921 power supply, 1900 accessory power

EIGRP&EIGRP Route Discovery

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a Cisco-proprietary routing protocol. EIGRP is a classless routing protocol, meaning that it sends the subnet mask of its interfaces in routing updates, which use a complex metric based on bandwidth and delay.

EIGRP is referred to as a hybrid routing protocol because it has the characteristics of both distance-vector and link-state protocols but now Cisco refers it as an advanced distance vector protocol.

Notice: the term “hybrid” is misleading because EIGRP is not a hybrid between distance vector and link-state routing protocols. It is a distance vector routing protocol with enhanced features.

EIGRP is a powerful routing protocol and it is really standout from its ancestor IGRP. The main features are listed below:

Support VLSM and discontiguous networks
Use Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) to delivery and reception of EIGRP packets
Use the best path selection Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL), guaranteeing loop-free paths and backup paths throughout the routing domain
Discover neighboring devices using periodic Hello messages to discover and monitor connection status with its neighbors
Exchange the full routing table at startup and send partialtriggered updates thereafter (not full updates like distance-vector protocols) and the triggered updates are only sent to routers that need the information. This behavior is different from the link-state protocol in which an update will be sent to all the link-state routers within that area. For example, EIGRP will send updates when a new link comes up or a link becoming unavailable
Supports multiple protocols: EIGRP can exchange routes for IPv4, IPv6, AppleTalk and IPX/SPX networks
Load balancing: EIGRP supports unequal metric load balancing, which allows administrators to better distribute traffic flow in their networks.

Notice: The term “partial” means that the update only includes information about the route changes.

EIGRP use metrics composed of bandwidth, delay, reliability, and load. By default, EIGRP uses only bandwidth and delay.

EIGRP use five types of packets to communicate:

Hello: used to identify neighbors. They are sent as periodic multicasts
Update: used to advertise routes, only sent as multicasts when something is changed
Ack: acknowledges receipt of an update. In fact, Ack is Hello packet without data. It is always unicast and uses UDP.
Query: used to find alternate paths when all paths to a destination have failed
Reply: is sent in response to query packets to instruct the originator not to recompute the route because feasible successors exist. Reply packets are always unicast to the originator of the query

EIGRP sends every Query and Reply message using RTP, so every message is acknowledged using an EIGRP ACK message.

EIGRP Route Discovery

Suppose that our network has 2 routers and they are configured to use EIGRP. Let’s see what will happen when they are turned on.

Firstly, the router will try to establish a neighboring relationships by sending “Hello” packets to others running EIGRP. The destination IP address is 224.0.0.10 which is the multicast address of EIGRP. By this way, other routers running EIGRP will receive and proceed these multicast packets. These packets are sent over TCP.

After hearing “Hello” from R1, R2 will respond with another “Hello” packet.

R2 will also send its routing table to R1 by “Update” packets. Remember that R2 will send its complete routing table for the first time.

R1 confirms it has received the Update packet by an “ACK” message.

R1 will also send to R2 all of its routing table for the first time

R2 sends a message saying it has received R1′s routing table.

Now both R1 & R2 learn all the paths of the neighbor and the network is converged. But there are some notices you should know:
After the network converged, “Hello” messages will still be sent to indicate that the it is still alive.
When something in the network changes, routers will only send partial updates to routers which need that information.
Hellos are sent as periodic multicasts and are not acknowledged directly.
The first hellos are used to build a list of neighbors; thereafter, hellos indicate that the neighbor is still alive

To become a neighbor, the following conditions must be met:
The router must hear a Hello packet from a neighbor.
The EIGRP autonomous system must be the same.
K-values must be the same.

EIGRP builds and maintains three tables:
Neighbor table: lists directly connected routers running EIGRP with which this router has an adjacency
Topology table: lists all routes learned from each EIGRP neighbor
Routing table: lists all best routes from the EIGRP topology table and other routing processes

Configuring EIGRP

Router(config)#router eigrp 1	Syntax: router eigrp<AS number> Turn on the EIGRP process 1 is the Autonomous System (AS) number. It can be from 1 to 65535. All routers in the same network must use the same AS number.
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0	Router will turn on EIGRP 1 process on all the interfaces belonging to 192.168.1.0/24 network.

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How to Celebrate Your 10th Anniversary? Router-Siwtch.com

Router-switch.com is ten years old, happy 10th Anniversary! It is a vital phase for all router-switch.com staff in 2012. How to celebrate its 10^th anniversary? What Router-switch.com Prepared for Its tenth birthday to thank its regulars and new clients? Let’s have a look!

Router-switch.com, ten years old, happy birthday! 2012 marks the tenth anniversary of router-switch.com, which is an exciting moment for all router-switch’s staff and clients.

What Router-switch.com Prepared for Its 10^th Anniversary?

In 2012, router-switch.com welcomes its 10^th anniversary. For router-switch.com, it has been a worldwide leading Cisco supplier during the past 10 years. To celebrate 10 years, it prepares big gifts for its regulars and new clients, such as Cisco AIR-AP1131AG-A-K9, limited edition T-shirts and 20PC U disk. Some popular Cisco products(including Cisco routers: Cisco 2900&3900 Routers, Cisco switches: Catalyst 3560x Series, Cisco Catalyst 3750x Series, Catalyst 3560V2/3750V2, Cisco firewall, Cisco Access Points and network cards) will have big discounts (up to 75% off).The activity date is from September to October. Wow, if you wanna buy Cisco equipment, don’t miss it.

Router-switch.com has become a world’s leading Cisco supplier over the past ten years with the help of its staff and customers. To celebrate its 10 years, router-switch.com offers some activities for all the old and new clients, for example, big discount (save up to 75% off) for the popular Cisco items (including Catalyst 3560x Series, Cisco Catalyst 3750x Series, Catalyst 3560V2/3750V2, Cisco 2900&3900 Routers, Network Cards, etc.), fill out a simple survey to win a big gift (Cisco AIR-AP1131AG-A-K9, limited edition T-shirts and 20PC U disk). The activity date is from September. 01. 2012 to October. 31. 2012. Wow, if you are a Cisco buyer, don’t miss this chance. Let’s join the party to celebrate the 10^th birthday together.

How to Take Part in this Big Party for Router-switch.com’s 10^th Anniversary?

If you wanna know more about the activities hold at router-switch.com, you can visit the related topics: Big Discount for the Popular Cisco Items

http://www.router-switch.com/10years/questionnaire.html.

Cisco Club: Cisco Catalyst& Cisco Catalyst Switches

Catalyst is the brand name for a variety of network cisco switch sold by Cisco Systems. While commonly associated with Ethernet switches, a number of different interfaces have been available throughout the history of the brand. Cisco acquired several different companies and rebranded their products as different versions of the Catalyst product line. The original Catalyst 5000 and 6000 series were based on products originally developed by Crescendo Communications. The 1700, 1900, and 2800 -series Catalysts came from Grand Junction Networks, and the Catalyst 3000 came from Kalpana in 1994.

In addition, Cisco increasingly offers routers with switching capabilities, and indeed Cisco's 7600 routerline and 6500 switch line have interchangeable parts. Even Cisco's smaller routers, including their newest "ISR" series, can have switch modules installed in them - basically making Cisco's smaller switches fully integrated devices.

Operating Systems
In most cases, the technology for the Catalyst Switch was developed separately from Cisco's router technology. The Catalyst switches originally ran software called CatOS rather than the more widely known Cisco IOS software used by routers. However, this has changed as the product lines have merged closer together. In some cases, particularly in the modular chassis switches, a configuration called 'Hybrid' has emerged - this is where the layer 2 functions are configured using CatOS, and the layer 3 elements are configured using IOS. 'Native IOS' can also be found with newer software versions that have eliminated CatOS entirely in favor of IOS, even on hardware that originally required CatOS.

The latest version of IOS for the Catalyst 6500 series is 12.2(33)SXI which enables In-Service Software Upgrade (ISSU) via IOS Software Modularity.

Some newer Catalyst cisco 3560 switch models (with recent versions of the Cisco IOS) also allow configuration via web-based graphical interface module which is hosted on a HTTP server located on the switch. The IOS config-mode command 'ip http-server' will enable this style of configuration. In series 12.x IOS, 'ip http-server' is always on as a factory default. The Catalyst 3750-series of switches is an example of a Cisco Catalyst switch that allows this style of GUI configuration via HTTP.

Some newer models of Catalyst switches (called Catalyst Express) no longer allow access to IOS or CatOS at all - these switches can only be configured by using a Graphical User Interface (GUI).

CatOS
CatOS (Catalyst Operating System) is the discontinued operating system for many of the Catalyst brand of legacy network switches. It was originally called "XDI" by the switching company Crescendo Communications, Inc. Cisco renamed it to CatOS when they acquired Crescendo in late 1993.

CatOS ran on switches such as 1200, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500, 6000, 6500 series. CatOS can still run on some of Cisco's modular switches, "hybrid" mode. In hybrid mode, the NMP (switch processor) runs CatOS and the route processor runs 3560 switch IOS.

Interfaces
As Catalyst devices are primarily Ethernet switches, all modern Catalyst models have Ethernet interfaces, ranging from 10 Mbit/s to 10 Gbit/s depending on the model. Some models can accommodate Asynchronous Transfer Mode interfaces which can be used to bridge Ethernet traffic across wide area networks. Other models can support T1, E1, and ISDNPRI interfaces to provide connections to the PSTN. Legacy models supported a variety of interfaces, such as token ring, FDDI, and 100BaseVG, but are no longer sold by Cisco Systems.

Most models have basic layer 2 functions and are capable of switching Ethernet frames between ports. Commonly found additional features are VLANs, trunking (Cisco proprietary ISL or IEEE 802.1Q) and QoS or CoS.The switches, whetherIOS or CatOS, are fully manageable.

Many Catalysts that run IOS are also capable of functioning as a router, making them layer 3 devices; when coupled with TCP and UDP filtering, these switches are capable of layer 2-4 operation. Depending on the exact software image, a Catalyst that runs IOS may be able to tackle large-scale enterprise routing tasks, using router technologies like OSPF or BGP.

Most chassis-based Catalyst models have the concept of field-replaceable "supervisor" cards. These work by separating the line cards, chassis, and processing engine (mirroring most Cisco router designs). The chassis provides power and a high-speed backplane, the line cards provide interfaces to the network, and the processing engine moves packets, participates in routing protocols, etc. This gives several advantages:
•    If a failure occurs, only the failed component needs to be replaced (typically a line card or supervisor). This means faster turnaround than having to uncable, unbolt, pull out, replace, re-bolt, and re-cable an entire switch, which may be as large as a quarter-rack, weigh over 150 pounds, and service over 500 cables.
•    A redundant supervisor engine may be installed to rapidly recover from supervisor failures. This is subject to restrictions (as some switches don't support redundant supervisors), but typically results in restoration times under 90 seconds.
•    A supervisor engine may be upgraded after purchase, increasing performance and adding features without losing any investment in the rest of the switch.

Additionally, most high-end switches off-load processing away from the supervisors, allowing line cards to switch traffic directly between ports on the same card without using any processing power or even touching the backplane. Naturally, this can't be done for all traffic, but basic layer-2 switching can usually be handled exclusively by the line card, and in many cases also more complex operations can be handled as well.

Management
Cisco switches are very popular for a number of reasons, including advanced customization and manageability. The switches can be configured using a serial console or a telnet session (or ssh if the correct OS is loaded along with the ssh keys generated). SNMP allows monitoring of many states, and measurement of traffic flows. Many devices can also run an HTTP server, but this is often disabled because of the security problems it creates - either because it's not encrypted, or because of the relatively frequent security vulnerabilities in the Cisco http daemon itself. Some Cisco switches focused on smaller organizations forego a command line interface and offer ONLY a web/html interface for configuration and management.

Configuration of the switch is done in plain text and is thus easy to audit - no special tools are required to generate a useful configuration. For sites with more than a few devices it is useful to set up a TFTP server for storing the configuration files and any IOS images for updating. Complex configurations are best created using a text editor (using a site standard template), putting the file on the TFTP server and copying it to the Cisco device. However, it can be noted that a TFTP server can present security problems.

Stackwise
Cisco StackWise is a technology offered by Cisco Systems that allows for up to nine Catalyst switch---3750 series switches to operate as though they were one 32-Gbit/s switch. This allows for greater resiliency, and performance.

One switch from the stack will act as the master switch. The master switch will maintain the stack and allow you to configure and monitor the whole stack as though one via a single console.

If one switch fails the remaining switches will continue to operate by looping back any information that would normally traverse the failed switch, effectively bypassing it. If the master switch fails, the next switch in the stack will automatically take over as master. This feature means greater redundancy, as one switch's failure will not bring about a failure of the entire stack.
As each switch contains the entire configuration for the stack one of the benefits of this technology is the ability to replace a down switch (any including master) with a new un-programmed switch. The stack will configure the new switch on the fly and allow for minimal downtime

StackWise effectively replaced the GigaStack found on lower-price models such as Catalyst 35xx and 29xx series.

Recently, there is a new variation of the technology, known as Cisco Stackwise Plus, offering 64Gbit/s nonblocking switching fabric speed.

Master Selection
The master switch of a stack is determined in the following order.
1.    User specified.
2.    The switch with the most advanced IOS, i.e. Advanced IP Services IPv6 (AIPv6), then Enhanced Multilayer Software Image (EMI) and then Standard Multilayer Software Image (SMI).
3.    Programmed switch. A configured switch will preside over a switch with just the defaults.
4.    Uptime. The switch that has been running the longest.
5.    MAC address. The switch with the lowest MAC address.

Models/Types of Cisco Catalyst Switches
Like most Cisco product lines, the Catalyst Switch series evolves fairly rapidly. There are two general types of Catalyst switches: fixed configuration models/fixed-configuration switch that are usually one or two rack units in size, with 12 to 80 ports; and modular switches/chassis-based switch in which virtually every component, from the CPU card to power supplies to switch cards, are individually installed in a chassis.
•    As of 2011, the most popular fixed configuration switches are the WS-C2960, the cisco 3560 series switch and WS-C3750 series at the high end, an entry level managed "express" series - with models beginning WS-CE (configurable by web interface only, no command line interface), the "ME" metroline series of switches, and a new "Small Business" series coming from Cisco's acquisition of Linksys. In addition, there are many excellent legacy switches suitable for most business and service provider needs no longer offered directly through Cisco (WS-C2950, WS-C3550 for example). Cisco fixed configuration switches come with a bewildering assortment of features (10/100 ports versus 10/100/1000 ports, some with power over Ethernet, some with varying types of gigabit and 10gig uplink ports, some with standard or enhanced software, varying power supplies) and it is difficult to tell what features a switch has (aside from the number of ports) from a visual inspection, and similar-appearing switches can have dramatically different features.

Cisco Model Names& Switch Features
In general, switch names start with WS-C, followed by the model line (2960). A letter at the end of this number signifies a special feature, followed by the number of ports (usually 24 or 48) and additional nomenclature indicating other features.

Cisco modular switches are much larger and are entirely configurable, beginning with a chassis, power supplies, the choice of supervisory engines (CPU mainboards), and switch modules. Among Cisco's modular series are:
•    The Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series is a chassis-based switch family. This series can support interfaces up to 10 Gigabit Ethernet in speed and redundant Supervisor modules.
•    The Cisco Catalyst 5500 Series and Cisco Catalyst 5000 Series is a chassis-based switch family. The Cisco Catalyst 5000 Series is acquired from another company. This entire series has now reached end-of-sale.
•    The Cisco Catalyst 4900 series is a fixed-configuration switch. Uplink interfaces are either SFP ports or 10 gigabit Ethernet, with 48 copper ports of 10/100/1000 Ethernet.
•    The Cisco Catalyst 4500 Series is a mid-range modular chassis based Switch manufactured by Cisco System.
•    The Cisco Catalyst 3000 and 3100 series switches are switches for use in blade-enclosures: the Catalyst 3032 is a Layer2 switch and the Catalyst 3130x and 3130G are blade-switches for the Dell M1000e enclosure.
•    The 1000 switch family is considered an edge device, having many functionalities that can be built as the device is very modular.

To sum up, the Cisco Catalyst range is designed to meet the needs of a wide range of customers—from small to medium businesses, right up to large enterprise networks and service providers. Cisco Catalyst switches provide high performance, scalability, manageability, and many other intelligent features that ensure their success to date.

Cisco's WAN Edge Routers, Cisco 7200 VXR, Cisco 7600 Series Included

Cisco’s midrange 3825 router can provide larger businesses with high-performance, secure head ends to aggregate branch office and remote user traffic and to provide ISPs cost-effective wide area network edge solutions. Cisco’s WAN aggregation router product line features the Cisco 7200 and 7300 Series, the recently introduced ASR 1000 Series, the 7600 line, and the Cisco Catalyst 6000.

Progent's national team of CCIE network consultants have extensive backgrounds working with global businesses and service providers to plan optimal installations and smooth expansion of Cisco's WAN edge routers. Progent's ,GIAC and CISM certified security consultants can provide objective, third-party security vulnerability evaluations andstealth penetration services to help companies with Cisco's WAN aggregation routers to meet business guidelines and statutory mandates for IT data protection.

Cisco ASR 1000 Series WAN Edge Routers
Cisco’s ASR 1000 WAN Edge line of routers is designed to fill the middle of Cisco’s midrange products that concentrate on acting as headends at the WAN edge. Cisco’s ASR 1000 Series WAN Edge routers offer a small footprint, multi-function answer for enterprises who need branch office service aggregation at supergigabit Ethernet performance. C3845-VSEC/K9 ASR 1000 routers introduce an innovative design that mixes on-board acceleration with software versatility to deliver a rich set of concurrent services without sacrificing consistent responsiveness.

ASR 1000 WAN Edge routers feature Cisco’s proprietary QuantumFlow Processor incorporating 40 custom Packet Processing Engines (PPEs) that together can handle up to 160 simultaneous threads. This multi-processing structure, in conjunction with hardware acceleration for every service, enables the top-of-the-line ASR 1006 WAN Edge router to scale up to 128K queues, 32,000 subscribers, 4,000 IPsec tunnels at 10,000 sessions/second, and 2M Netflow log records. This processing capability allows Cisco’s ASR 1000 Series WAN Edge routers to support a variety of sophisticated services concurrently in massive volume while avoiding throughput degradation that might compromise compliance with service level agreements. Examples of these services include Cisco IOS Firewall, intrusion-detection services, NAT, FPM, and deep packet inspection. The ASR 1000 also permits tiered traffic management for applying numerous levels of Quality of Service to a packet in a single pass, enhancing responsiveness for high-bandwidth voice, video, and conferencing applications.

Cisco 7200 VXR Integrated Services Routers
The7200 VXR Series router delivers high levels of speed, modularity, and expandability in a compact form factor with a broad selection of configuration profiles. With processing throughput up to two million packets per second, port and service adapters ranging from NxDS0 to GbE, plus OC-3 along with an unprecedented number of high-volume IP services, the Cisco 7200 VXR Series router is the preferred broadband aggregation WAN and MAN edge solution for large corporations and ISPs.

The 7200 VXR router provides services aggregation by supporting up to 16K Point-to-Point Protocol sessions per unit, voice/video/data support via TDM-enabled VXR chassis and voice port adapters, direct IP-interconnections, and IP Security virtual private networking scalable to 5K tunnels per device.

The cisco 7204vxr Integrated Services router combines in a single chassis services formerly performed by separate devices. Through this consolidation, the 7200 VXR Series Integrated Services router offers a single, affordable platform that accommodates sophisticated network interfaces plus high-speed services aggregation including Point-to-Point Protocol, RFC 1483 termination, and Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) tunneling; digital T1/E1 time-division multiplexer (TDM) trunk termination for voice; multichannel T3/E3 and T1/E1 with integrated channel service unit/data service unit; ATM, Packet over SONET (PoS), and Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT) connectivity; ATM IMA for voice; and low-density Layer 2 Ethernet switching.

Cisco 7600 Series Routers
The cisco 7204 Series Integrated Services router benefits from the Cisco Catalyst 6500 infrastructure by using an NEBS-3 chassis, 256-Gbps crossbar, and 30-Mpps switching performance. High availability is implemented through logical and physical redundancy as well as IOS Software functions. Also, the Cisco 7600 Series offers a broad set of high-touch IP network services at optical rates through various OSMs powered by Cisco patented Parallel Express Forwarding technology.

The 7609 provides the choice to select a 256-Gbps Switch Fabric Module or the standard 32-Gbps bus, which provide centralized switching performance of 30 Mpps or 15 million packets per second respectively. If the Switch Fabric Module is installed, the Cisco 7609 can in addition allow distributed switching with rates up to 168 million packets per second by using the Catalyst 6500 16-port Gbit Ethernet module, which is powered by the DFC and the Switch Fabric Module.

The 7603 router offers only the standard 32-Gbps data bus option and delivers 15 million packets per second switching performance. The 7603 does not offer Cisco's distributed switching.

Cisco Catalyst 3560 v2 Series Switches, Most Popular in Cisco Catalyst 3560 Series

The Cisco ws c3560x 24p l Seriesis the next-generation energy-efficient Layer 3 fast Ethernet switches. This new series of switches supports Cisco EnergyWise technology, which enables companies to measure and manage power consumption of network infrastructure and network-attached devices, thereby reducing their energy costs and their carbon footprint.
Cisco3560 v2 Series switch consumes less power than its predecessors and is the ideal access layer switch for enterprise, retail, and branch-office environments, as it maximizes productivity and investment protection by enabling a unified network for data, voice, and video.
Key Features of used ws c3560x 48p s24t l switch in india Series
• Lower power consumption than its predecessors
• Backward compatible - uses the same Cisco IOS® Software image as the 3560 series and has the same feature set
• Full EnergyWise support to monitor energy consumption of network infrastructure and implement energy saving programs to reduce energy costs
• Compatible with Cisco Redundant Power System (RPS) 2300
• All units have a uniform depth of 11.9 inches for better cable management
•Preconfigurable with the Cisco IOS Software release at the time of ordering
• IPv6 routing included in the IP Services feature set
• DC powered stand-alone model
About cisco 3560 poe 48 port Switch Configurations
3560V2-24TS (hot): 24 Ethernet 10/100 ports and 2 Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP)-based Gigabit Ethernet ports; 1 rack unit (RU)
3560V2-48TS (hot): 48 Ethernet 10/100 ports and 4 SFP-based Gigabit Ethernet ports; 1RU
3560V2-24PS (hot): 24 Ethernet 10/100 ports with PoE and 2 SFP-based Gigabit Ethernet ports; 1 RU
3560V2-48PS (hot): 48 Ethernet 10/100 ports with PoE and 4 SFP-based Gigabit Ethernet ports; 1RU
3560V2-24TS-SD: 24 Ethernet 10/100 ports and 2 SFP-based Gigabit Ethernet ports; 1RU, DC power supply
Price and Availability
Where to buy a cost-effective switch 3560 layer 3? RouterSwitch.con is here, which can provide all items of switch cisco 3560x 48t l at very competitive prices.
Contact details: Email: cisco@router-switch.com (Sales Inquiries)
 webmaster@router-switch.com (Technical Inquiries)
Tel:+852-3755-6766 (Hong Kong)
Fax: +852-3050-1066 (Hong Kong)
Address:7/F, Sino Centre, 582-592 Nathan Road, Mongkok Kowloon HongKong
Country:Hong Kong
Live Chat:Use the Live Chatonline our sales representatives.
MSN:cisco@router-switch.com
Notes: Cisco Catalyst 3560-E Series Switches
http://www.router-switch.com/Price-cisco-switches-cisco-switch-catalyst-3560_c22?page=3
Cisco Catalyst 3560-X Series Switches
http://www.router-switch.com/Price-cisco-switches-cisco-switch-catalyst-3560_c22?page=2

Cisco Catalyst 3560 Series Switches

The Cisco3560 switch is a line of fixed-configuration, enterprise-class switches that include IEEE 802.3af and Cisco prestandard Power over Ethernet (PoE) functionality in Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet configurations.

As an ideal access layer switch for small enterprise LAN access or branch-office environments, the Cisco Catalyst 3560combinesboth 10/100/1000 and PoE configurations for maximum productivity and investment protection while enabling the deployment of new applications such as IP telephony, wireless access, video surveillance, building management systems, and remote video kiosks.

Customers can deploy network wide intelligent services-such as advanced quality of service (QoS), rate limiting, access control lists (ACLs), multicast management, and high-performance IP routing-while maintaining the simplicity of traditional LAN switching.

The Cisco 3560 switch is part of a larger and more scalable family of Cisco Catalyst switches that includes the Cisco Catalyst 3560-E Series switches, the Cisco Catalyst 3750 and 3750-E Series switches with Cisco StackWise technology, and the Cisco Catalyst 4500 and Catalyst 6500 modular switches. United by Cisco IOSSoftware, the entire family offers industry-leading availability, integrated security, optimized delivery, and manageability.

Software

The Cisco3560 series switch is available with one of two software images:

IP Base software includes advanced quality of service (QoS), rate limiting, access control lists (ACLs), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) for routed access, and IPv6 functionality.

IP Services software provides a broader set of enterprise-class features, including advanced hardware-based IP Unicast and IP Multicast routing, as well as policy-based routing (PBR).

Simple Network Management

Available for the Catalyst 3560 Series, the Cisco Network Assistant is a centralized management application for switches, routers, and wireless access points. Free of charge, the application provides configuration wizards that greatly simplify the implementation of converged networks and intelligent network services.

Quick Look at Some Cisco Catalyst 3560 Models

WS-C3560G-48PS-S:Port Speed: 10/100 with IEEE 802.3af and Cisco pre-standard PoE

48 ports

Uplinks: 4 SFP-based ports

Software Image: IP Base

WS-C3560G-24PS-S:Port Speed:10/100/1000 with IEEE 802.3af and Cisco prestandardPoE

24 ports

Uplinks: 4 SFP-based ports

IP Base

WS-C3560G-48TS-S:Port Speed: 10/100/1000

48 ports

Uplinks: 4 SFP-based ports

Software Image: IP Base

WS-C3560G-24TS-S:Port Speed: 10/100/1000

       24 ports

       Uplinks: 4 SFP-based ports

       Software Image: IP Base

More Cisco 3560 Switch Related

Cisco Catalyst 3560-E Series Switches:an enterprise-class line of standalone access and aggregation switches that ease the deployment of secure converged applications.

These switches combine 10/100/1000 and Power over Ethernet (PoE) configurations with uplinks that easily upgrade from 1 Gb Ethernet to 10 Gb Ethernet. They enhance worker productivity by enabling applications such as IP telephony, wireless, and video.

Features:

• Ten-second 10 Gb upgrade
• Support for 802.11n devices
• Configurations with up to 20W PoE on all 48 ports
• Modular fan and power supply for aggregation models
• Highly available operation: dual hot-swappable modular power supplies and fans for fixed aggregation switches
• Secure unified network services
• Cisco EnergyWise technology

For further Cisco 3560 series switches’ specs, price, software, configuration, service, etc. Please visit Cisco Catalyst 3560 Series Switch at router-switch.com…